The Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) has issued a cease and desist order against Google LLC, concluding that the tech giant violated Japan’s Antimonopoly Act through restrictive trade practices related to its Android operating system.
The JFTC determined that Google engaged in conduct falling under Article 19 of the Act, specifically paragraph (12) concerning “Trading on Restrictive Terms.” This action comes after an extensive investigation launched on October 23, 2023, during which the JFTC coordinated with international competition authorities also probing Google’s practices.
Scope of the Violation
Google was found to have hindered competition among general search service providers by restricting Android smartphone manufacturers (OEMs) and mobile network operators (MNOs) from preinstalling or promoting alternative search services. Through its Mobile Application Distribution Agreements (MADAs) and Revenue Share Agreements (RSAs), Google imposed a series of conditions that gave its own search engine an unfair advantage.
Key requirements included the mandatory preinstallation of Google Search and Chrome, the placement of their icons on default home screens, and exclusive revenue-sharing incentives tied to the suppression of rival services. These contractual obligations discouraged Android OEMs and MNOs from offering users access to or awareness of competing general search functionalities.
As of late 2024, these agreements were in effect with at least six Android OEMs and one MNO in Japan.
Cease and Desist Order
Under the order, Google must:
- Terminate Restrictive Practices: Immediately cease the imposition of search service and browser defaults tied to the distribution of Google Play or the provision of financial incentives.
- Refrain from Similar Conduct: Avoid any future agreements that replicate the restrictive elements prohibited in the order.
- Reform Internal Compliance: Develop and implement guidelines to ensure compliance with the Antimonopoly Act, accompanied by staff training and regular audits.
- Appoint an Independent Monitor: Engage a third party to oversee implementation of the corrective measures for five years, reporting directly to the JFTC.
A Global Pattern of Scrutiny
The JFTC’s decision echoes similar investigations in other jurisdictions targeting Google’s market behavior, particularly regarding the dominance of its search engine on mobile platforms. The coordinated response from international regulators underscores the growing pushback against Big Tech’s influence over device ecosystems and the availability of consumer choice.
With this order, Japan joins a chorus of global authorities holding dominant tech platforms accountable for anticompetitive conduct—setting a precedent for more stringent oversight in digital markets.
